Water Safety Ireland Pool/Beach Guards
National Pool Lifeguard Award
Aim
The aim of the WSI National Pool Lifeguard Award is to enable a Candidate to act as a
designated lifeguard, trained in Pool Rescue and Basic Life Support techniques. He/She will
also have an awareness of First Aid and Pool Water Analysis
Entry Level
PREFERRED ENTRY LEVEL
Rescue 2 Award of Water Safety Ireland
MINIMUM STANDARD ENTRY LEVEL
Be able to swim 100 metres on front (prone) and 100 metres on back (supine).
Be able to surface dive and recover an object from the deepest part of the pool.
Be 16 years of age, or older, at the time of the examination.
Pay the requisite registration fee to WSI.
Specification
The specification for the qualification is:
Unit 1 Basic Life Support 1,2 and 3
Unit 2 Lifeguard Skills
Unit 3 Pool Operations
National Pool Lifeguard Certification is awarded at either of two levels.
Level 1 certificates are awarded to those who are judged to be competent to supervise
swimming pools or sections of a swimming facility, where the water depth does not exceed
1.5m.
Level 2 certificates are awarded to those who are judged to be competent to supervise areas of
water in a swimming facility where depths are greater than 1.5m.
Candidates can upgrade from a Level 1 to a Level 2 award during the validity period of the
Level 1 award. Candidates undertaking such an upgrade do not have to complete the entire
course.
Optional modules are available from WSI e.g. Disability Teaching and Pool Plant Operator
Certificate. Holders of the WSI National Pool Lifeguard Award are strongly encouraged to
undertake further training.
Specific Learning Outcomes
UNIT 1 BASIC LIFE SUPPORT
THE CANDIDATE SHOULD BE ABLE TO:
Water Safety Ireland 39 Syllabus 2022
Complete the relevant worksheets to an acceptable standard
Outline the functions of the respiratory system
Identify and outline the role of muscles involved in inspiration and expiration
Describe the process of exchange of gases in the alveoli
Explain the role of the circulatory and nervous systems in the control of breathing
Explain the following terms: tidal volume, inspiratory reserve volume, expiratory reserve
volume, vital capacity and residual volume
Identify the four main components of the circulatory system
Describe the cardiac cycle
Describe the heart and its associated blood vessels
Outline the flow of blood through the main vessels of the body
Explain the following terms: pulse, cardiac output and blood pressure
Describe the composition of blood and the function of its particles
Recognise the symptoms of Respiratory Failure
Recognise Cardiac Arrest
Demonstrate Basic Life Support (CPR with BVM and AED)
Demonstrate Oxygen Administration.
DEMONSTRATE:
Establishing an airway
Turning a subject
Mouth to mouth and mouth to nose resuscitation on adult, child or infant
Effective skills to administer CPR with 1 operator on adult, child or infant
Removal of visible obstructions
Action for vomiting
Aftercare to include recovery position
Techniques for the relief of airway obstruction for conscious/unconscious victims
Techniques for the relief of airway obstruction while dealing with victims, who are
pregnant or obese
BLS in two-operator mode
Demonstrate rescue breaths using a BVM
AED operation.
Oxygen Administration
UNIT 2 LIFEGUARD SKILLS – LEVEL 2
THE CANDIDATE SHOULD BE ABLE TO:
Demonstrate land-based rescues
Demonstrate non-contact rescues
Demonstrate evasive and defensive technique
Demonstrate appropriate contact rescues.
Demonstrate appropriate releases from Drowning Grips (WSI Rescue 2)
Demonstrate methods of towing a subject to safety
Demonstrate deep water resuscitation
Explain the principles of assisting a conscious victim out of the pool.
Demonstrate techniques for spinal injury management including stabilising,
boarding and landing
Describe and demonstrate the use of rescue equipment in pool emergency situations
Water Safety Ireland 40 Syllabus 2022
e.g. ring buoys, reaching poles, etc.
Describe how rescue equipment should be maintained and stored
- Those undertaking a Level 1 qualification are also required to demonstrate the above
skills, but the techniques may be demonstrated in shallow water. Shallow water
resuscitation must also be demonstrated.
UNIT 3 POOL OPERATIONS
THE CANDIDATE SHOULD BE ABLE TO:
Identify the procedures involved in a Normal Operational Plan (NOP) including: - The number, location and function of the lifeguards; pool zoning;
- the patrol system and safety checks
- Maintaining safe water conditions (including water tests)
- An awareness of pool water treatment and testing
Identify the procedures involved in an Emergency Action Plan (EAP) including: - Evacuation
- Principles of first aid
- Reporting and documenting of incidents
Use appropriate communication techniques with colleagues and the general public
in normal and emergency situations – oral, written and aural
Use observation techniques to ensure the safety of all pool users
Identify an appropriate course of action to avert dangerous situations in the pool and
its surrounds
Outline the safety requirements for groups using specialist equipment e.g. sub-aqua,
canoe polo, aqua aerobics, water polo
Outline the safety requirements for groups with special needs e.g. disabled, elderly,
children
Successfully complete a simulated accident situation as outlined by the Examiner. (This
may also include lifeguarding skills as outlined above.) - Level 1 Candidates can be examined in this section in water depths of 1.5m or less.
Level 2 Candidates and those upgrading from Level 1 to Level 2 must perform the
above in water depths of at least 2m.
Course Category Options
Three possible options may apply:
A. Course organised by the WSI Water Safety Area Committee
B. Course organised by an WSI approved Tutor.
C. Course may be organised by an WSI approved Organisation.
In all cases the following are the responsibility of the organiser:
a. Hire of swimming pool
b. Hire of lecture hall
c. Insurance cover
d. Provision of equipment
- Application for and payment to Examiners
Water Safety Ireland 41 Syllabus 2022
Course Registration
All National Pool Lifeguard Courses must be registered with:
Water Safety Ireland
The Long Walk
Galway
Telephone 091-564400
Fax 091-564700
e-mail info@WSI.ie
Website www.WSI.ie
The National Pool Lifeguard Course Registration Form must be completed and returned at least
fourteen days prior to the commencement of the course The Course Organiser must inform the
Secretary of the Local Area Committee of the Course details.
Tutors will be invoiced for the appropriate amount by WSI HQ at the current rate per Candidate.
Manuals not used during the course must be returned to HQ to avoid being charged the full
amount. - Minimum Training Hours
The minimum course length for Candidates preparing for assessment is 30 hours.
It is acknowledged however that the current ability of Candidates will be a determining factor in
calculating the actual training hours required.
It may take a considerably longer period of training to bring some Candidates to the standard
required, especially where they have had no prior Lifesaving Instruction.
It is the responsibility of the Course Tutor to ensure that all Candidates are prepared for the final
assessment.
Each Candidate must have an 80% attendance on the Course in order to take the final
Assessment
Assessment - The National Pool Lifeguard Award Assessment is made up of 4 units.
- BLS Practical
- Lifeguard Skills Practical
- Pool Operation Skills Practical
- Completion of Course Manual Worksheets (MCQ for Revalidations)
Only WSI qualified Examiners who are also WSI Pool Lifeguard Tutors may
examine units 1, 2 and 3 of the Award. The Course Tutor corrects the worksheets which must
be available for inspection by the Course Examiner, if requested.
The ratio of Tutor/Examiner to Candidates shall be max of 1:16.
All Organisers must include the name of the intended Examiner(s) on the Registration Form. An
updated register of Examiners/Tutors will be kept by WSI HQ.
Water Safety Ireland 42 Syllabus 2022
Format
Unit 1 BLS:
The practical skills of BLS must be demonstrated in simulated exercises with another candidate
and using training manikins. CPR must be demonstrated on manikins only. (As per CFR Skills
Evaluation Sheet)
Candidates should be suitably attired and present themselves in pairs for the examination of
single operator skills and in groups of three for two operator skills.
Candidates must be able to answer BLS theoretical questions posed by the Examiner.
Suitable scenarios will be set by the Examiner.
UNIT 2 LIFEGUARD SKILLS:
These practical skills should be carried out in simulated drowning/rescue situations at suitable
indoor or outdoor swimming pools. These scenarios may include elements of swimming pool
operations.
UNIT 3. POOL OPERATIONS SKILLS:
THE EMERGENCY INCIDENT SCENARIO
The Examiner should set the scenario, while the Candidates are in isolation. A brief outline
should be given to the Candidates before the start of each scenario.
The Examiner should always maintain control over the condition of the victims and incident
details. Candidates should be informed of changing conditions.
The Examiner should indicate the start and completion of the incident (minimum 3 minutes,
maximum 5 minutes). Face down or submerged victims should be assumed unconscious and
not breathing.
Acting as an individual Lifeguard or as part of a team, the Candidate should initiate appropriate
procedures, to prevent, and/or rescue and provide aftercare for victims from a previously
unknown simulated emergency situation.
Victims can either be non-swimmer(s), weak swimmer(s), injured swimmer(s) or unconscious.
Note: Sample assessment forms for Units 1 and 2 can be found in Chapter 15 of the WSI
National Pool Lifeguard manual.
RESCUE SEQUENCE: - Observe pool, by patrolling or watching.
- Prevent, if possible, an emergency situation developing.
- Spot the victims and assess the situation.
- Ensure the safety of others
- Initiate the emergency action plan.
- Perform the rescue/s.
- Assist the conscious victim from the pool.
- Provide aftercare.
Water Safety Ireland 43 Syllabus 2022
SAMPLE EMERGENCY SITUATIONS TO SIMULATE: - Swimmer in the middle of the pool becomes incapacitated with cramp in the foot.
- Non-swimmer falls in at the deep end.
- Weak swimmer paddles out of their depth and panics.
- Non-swimmer attempts to move along the pool edge towards the deep end, loses
contact with side and panics. - A weak swimmer, out of his/her depth, becomes exhausted and sinks.
- A swimmer becomes entrapped by the steps / handrail or other pool furniture.
- A swimmer collides with the side or another swimmer and is knocked unconscious.
- A swimmer chokes on the water and panics.
- A swimmer has a fit in the middle of the pool.
- A swimmer jumps in and suffers a suspected spinal injury.
- A swimmer dives in and suffers a suspected spinal injury.
- A pool user has a heart attack.
- A weak swimmer panics and grabs another swimmer for support.
- Collapsed victim on bank of pool
- Panicking onlooker on bank of pool
Combining two or more of the above will provide many other situations. The aim is to have a
preventable situation with one that is not, to test Lifeguard observation skills and procedural
knowledge. Water depths must be appropriate for Level 1 and Level 2 awards.
UNIT 4. WORKSHEET COMPLETION
Worksheets serve as a checklist for both Candidate and Tutor and must be available for
scrutiny by the Examiner.
Results
Candidates must achieve a pass (50%) in each technique of BLS (Unit 1), Water Work (Unit
2+3) and must also achieve a pass (50%) in the work sheet completion (Unit 4).
Candidates who fail the Level 2 award may be awarded a Level 1 qualification, subject to
completing the outstanding items on the Level 1 assessment form e.g. shallow water
resuscitation, etc. This process is also subject to the Candidate having been successful in the
other units.
Note: A sample results summary sheet is available in Chapter 15 of the WSI National Pool
Lifeguard Manual.
Repeat Examinations
Candidates may repeat the examination in whole or in part within a period of 6 months. This
repeat examination may take place in an area other than where the original examination took
place. Candidates should apply in writing to the Area Committee where an examination is
taking place for permission to participate. Candidates must provide proof to that Area
Committee that they have completed a National Pool Lifeguard Course.
Water Safety Ireland 44 Syllabus 2022
Appeals
All Candidates undertaking the WSI National Pool Lifeguard Award have the right to appeal if
they are in any way dissatisfied with the assessment result. The appeals procedure, along with
all relevant forms, can be found in Chapter 19 of the WSI National Pool Lifeguard Manual.
Revalidating
All revalidating Candidates must provide a copy of their last Pool Lifeguard Certificate to Course
Tutor/Examiner prior to assessment.
All WSI revalidating Lifeguards must produce their CPD Log or undergo whatever training their
Tutor deems necessary prior to Revalidation Exam and MCQ
All Candidates from other organisations revalidating with WSI must complete the WSI Lifeguard
Manual Worksheets and Revalidation Course prior to Revalidation Exam
Candidates much achieve a ma
National Beach Lifeguard Award
The Water Safety Ireland Beach guard award is an internationally recognised award.
In Ireland Lifeguards are employed by Local County Councils. The process is to fill
in an application form from the council,
undergo an local authority swim test (either in a pool or beach),
an interview process,
selection process/offers
online learning
a medical and an introduction day before commencing work on the beach for the summer season.
NATIONAL BEACH LIFEGUARD AWARD
AIM: To establish, a corps of dedicated and specifically trained personnel, for the patrol of our beaches.
PREREQUISITES: Minimum age 16 years on date of assessment. Rescue 2, BLS 3 recommended.
COURSE:
Beach Lifeguard Course has a course time of 40 hours minimum.
Recognition of prior learning (RPL) can be credited by the Course Tutor.
Maximum of 12 candidates per Tutor.
AWARD:
The successful Candidate will receive a laminated I.D. card, stating that they are the holder of the National Beach Lifeguard Award.
DRESS:
Part A: “Land Practical” -NOP Uniform or Normal Clothing.
Part B: “Pool Practical” – Swimwear. Part C: “Open Water Practical” – Swimwear, wet suit (optional), Fins, suitable beach footwear and swim hat. Casualty: Swimwear and protective clothing.
The Candidate will be obliged to provide a person to act as a “Victim” and to provide all items of Dress as indicated for both themselves and the Victim.
RE-VALIDATION TEST: Every 2 Years
RECOMMENDATIONS: Hold a current First Aid Certificate issued by a recognised organisation, which concurs with the Health & Safety Acts.
OBJECTIVES: To train and assess for competencies in:
– -Fitness, knowledge, judgement and self-discipline.
-Ability to observe and patrol a beach area.
-Abilities to render first aid and work as a team member.
-To deal with the public in a courteous and professional manner.
ASSESSMENT: Not more than 6 Candidates to one Examiner.
- All sections should be completed within a four-month period.
- PARTS A and B must be successfully completed before training commences for
PART C. (c) If a Candidate has successfully passed sections A and B but has failed section C, then they may re-take section C within 30 calendar days. However, the Candidate must re-take all of PART C and the Examiner must be the same Examiner that originally examined PART C. Failure on the second attempt requires the Candidate to repeat all sections again.
NOTE: Part C must be carried out on a beach. A beach is defined as an area of foreshore, open to the sea or ocean. Safety remains the responsibility of the Examiner and must take priority over all else and the Examiner must ensure that suitable safety back-up is provided for Part C.
Goggles cannot be used in this award.
TEST ITEMS
PART A: “LAND PRACTICAL” 1. BLS 3 and two-operator CPR (theory and practice). An approved resuscitation manikin must be used. 2. Complete all Worksheets from Chapter 19 of the WSI National Beach Lifeguard Manual. All worksheets must be signed off by Course Tutor and Candidate and be made available for Course Examiner to check on day of exam
PART B: “POOL PRACTICAL”
OBJECTIVE: To assess the Candidates basic fitness, and rescue skills in a controlled environment prior to assessment in open water. Failure in this section prohibits progression to
Section C.
3. Swim 400 metres within 8 minutes.
4. Swim 100 metres Lifesaving Side Stroke and 100 metres Inverted Breaststroke.
5. Swim 100 metres to a conscious casualty and tow 100 metres Fins should be used.
6. Swim to a conscious casualty and carry cross-chest 100 metres.
7. Candidate will pick up three objects from the bottom of the pool. (Max. depth 2 metres). The objects will be 3 metres apart.
8. Candidates will swim 10 metres underwater, surface and take 12 seconds rest and repeat the underwater swim three times continuously with a 12 seconds rest between swims.
9. Demonstrate three releases (Rescue 3) and two defensive actions as specified by the Examiner. Distance 10 metres.
10.Show ability to cope with two interlocked subjects in deep water.
11.Take a Rescue Tube or Can Buoy and swim 100 metres to a floating casualty, who may be considered to be unconscious and not breathing. Demonstrate deep water supported E.A.R. and return 100 metres. Direct and land casualty with assistance from trained helpers, placing in recovery position.
12.Demonstrate ability to deal with a Spinal Injury Casualty as specified by the Examiner. 13.Any item required by the Examiner as set out in the WSI National Beach Lifeguard Manual. NOTE: (a) Where possible, approved Rescue Dummy of 75 Kilos should be used as standard “Casualty” for this assessment. (b) Swim fins to be used only in test item 5. (c) Part B must be completed in one uninterrupted session. PART C: “OPEN WATER PRACTICAL” 14.Candidate will run 400 metres along the beach to water’s edge carrying a Can Buoy or Rescue Tube and Fins. Swim to a marker 100 metres from waist depth and return to shoreline within 8 minutes.
15.The Candidate will rescue a conscious co-operative casualty 100 metres from waist deep water using a Can Buoy or Rescue Tube and Fins.
16.The Candidate will perform a rescue on an unconscious casualty 150 metres from waist deep water, using a rescue board or rescue ski, demonstrating EAR using the equipment and returning to shore with the casualty.
17.The Candidate will perform a rescue on a casualty 50m. from waist deep water using a cross-chest carry. (No rescue aids to be used). ã Water Safety Ireland 47 Syllabus 2022 18.The Candidate will rescue three casualties, the condition and actions of each will be unrevealed. One casualty will be 15 metres from waist deep water and the remaining two will be within their respective depths. No casualty will be more than 50 metres from the water edge. The Candidate will direct and carry out the rescues with the assistance of one other Candidate. On completion, the Candidate will explain the reasons for the actions they took and the directions that they gave to the second Candidate.
19.An unconscious casualty has disappeared from sight 25 metres from waist deep water. The Candidate must demonstrate his/her ability to direct a second Candidate to the point where the casualty was last seen. This to be carried out with the use of the whistle, hand signals and/or flag signals and/or signal bats using approved signals as set out in the I.W.S. Lifeguard Handbook. No casualty will in fact be in the water and the Examiner will determine the point of disappearance.
NOTE: (a) At all times the Candidate must demonstrate the ability to make the best use of the surf and sea conditions. In Test Item 14, the Examiner-in-charge will have the discretion to extend the time to a maximum of 15 minutes provided all Candidates are informed before the commencement of the assessment. (b) Part C must be completed on the same day at the same location. Revalidating All revalidating Candidates must provide a copy of their last Beach Lifeguard Certificate to Course Tutor/Examiner prior to assessment. All WSI revalidating Beach Lifeguards must produce their CPD Log or undergo whatever training their Tutor deems necessary prior to Revalidation Exam and MCQ All Candidates from other organisations revalidating with WSI must complete the WSI National Beach Lifeguard Manual Worksheets and Revalidation Course prior to Revalidation Exam Candidates much achieve a mark of 70% or higher in the Multiple Choice Question Papers (MCQs)
NATIONAL INLAND OPEN WATER LIFEGUARD AWARD
AIM: To establish, a corps of dedicated and specifically trained personnel, for the patrol of our inland waterways.
PREREQUISITES: Minimum age 16 years on date of assessment. Rescue 2, BLS 3 recommended.
COURSE:
IOW Lifeguard Course has a course time of 40 hours minimum. Recognition of prior learning (RPL) can be credited by the Course Tutor. Maximum of 12 candidates per Tutor.
AWARD:
The successful Candidate will receive a laminated I.D. card, stating that they are the holder of the National Inland Open Water Lifeguard Award.
DRESS: Part A: “Land Practical” -NOP Uniform or Normal Clothing. Part B: “Pool Practical” – Swimwear. Part C: “Open Water Practical” – Swimwear, wet suit (optional), Fins, suitable footwear and swim hat. Casualty: Swimwear and protective clothing. The Candidate will be obliged to provide a person to act as “Casualty” and to provide all items of DRESS as indicated for both themselves and the Casualty.
RE-VALIDATION TEST:
Every 2 Years RECOMMENDATIONS: Hold a current First Aid Certificate issued by a recognised organisation, which concurs with the Health & Safety Acts.
OBJECTIVES:
To train and assess for competencies in:
– -Fitness, knowledge, judgement and self-discipline.
-Ability to observe and patrol a shore area.
-Abilities to render first aid and work as a team member.
-To deal with the public in a courteous and professional manner.
ASSESSMENT:
Not more than 6 Candidates to one Examiner.
- All sections should be completed within a four-month period.
PARTS A and B must be successfully completed before training commences for PART C. (b) If a Candidate has successfully passed sections A and B but has failed section C, then they may re-take section C within 30 calendar days. However, the Candidate must re-take all of PART C and the Examiner must be the same Examiner that originally examined
PART C. Failure on the second attempt requires the Candidate to repeat all section A, B and C. NOTE: Part C must be carried out on an inland shoreline. “Shoreline” is defined as “an area of land, open to a river, lake or canal”. Safety remains the responsibility of the Examiner and must take priority over all else and the Examiner must ensure that suitable safety back-up is provided for Part C.
Goggles cannot be used in this award.
TEST ITEMS
PART A: “LAND PRACTICAL”
1. BLS 3 and two-operator CPR (theory and practice). An approved resuscitation mannequin must be used.
2. Complete all Worksheets from the relevant Chapters in the WSI National Open Water Lifeguard Manual. All worksheets must be signed off by Course Tutor and Candidate and be made available for Course Examiner to check on day of exam PART B: “POOL PRACTICAL” OBJECTIVE: To assess the Candidates basic fitness, and rescue skills in a controlled environment prior to assessment in open water. Failure in this section prohibits progression to Section C…
3. Swim 400 metres within 8 minutes
4. Swim 100 metres Lifesaving Side Stroke and 100 metres Inverted Breaststroke
5. Swim 100 metres to a conscious casualty and tow 100 metres Fins should be used.
6. Swim to a conscious casualty and carry cross-chest 100 metres.
7. Candidate will pick up three objects from the bottom of the pool. (Max. depth 2 metres). The objects will be 3 metres apart.
8. Candidates will swim 10 metres underwater, surface and take 12 seconds rest and repeat the underwater swim three times continuously with a 12 seconds rest between swims.
9. Demonstrate three releases (Rescue 3) and two defensive actions as specified by the Examiner. Distance 10 metres.
10. Show ability to cope with two interlocked subjects in deep water.
11. Take a Rescue Tube or Can Buoy and swim 100 metres to a floating casualty, who may be considered to be unconscious and not breathing. Demonstrate deep water supported E.A.R. and return 100 metres. Direct and land casualty with assistance from trained helpers, placing in recovery position.
12. Demonstrate ability to deal with a Spinal Injury Casualty as specified by the Examiner.
13. Any item required by the Examiner as set out in the relevant WSI Manuals.
NOTE:
(a) Where possible, approved Rescue Dummy of 75 Kilos should be used as standard “Casualty” for this assessment.
(b) Swim fins to be used only in test item 5.
(c) Part B must be completed in one uninterrupted session. Part C: “OPEN WATER PRACTICAL”
14. Carrying a Can Buoy or Rescue Tube and Fins, Candidate will swim to a marker 100 metres from waist depth and return to shoreline within 5 minutes. 15. The Candidate will rescue a conscious co-operative casualty 100 metres from waist deep water using a Can Buoy or Rescue Tube and Fins.
16. The Candidate will perform a rescue on an unconscious casualty 150 metres from waist deep water, using a rescue board or rescue ski, demonstrating EAR using the equipment and returning to shore with the casualty.
17. The Candidate will perform a rescue on a casualty 50m. from waist deep water using a cross-chest carry. (No aids to be used).
18. The Candidate will rescue three casualties, the condition and actions of each will be unrevealed. One casualty will be in deep water and the remaining two will be within their respective depths. The Candidate will direct and carry out the rescues with the assistance of one other Candidate. On completion, the Candidate will explain the reasons for the actions they took and the directions that they gave to the second Candidate.
19. An unconscious casualty has disappeared from sight 25 metres from waist deep water. The Candidate must demonstrate his/her ability to direct a second Candidate to the point where the casualty was last seen. This to be carried out with the use of the whistle, hand signals and/or flag signals and/or signal bats using approved signals as set out in the WSI National Open Water Lifeguard Manual. No casualty will in fact be in the water and the Examiner will determine the point of disappearance.
20. Demonstrate simple rescues using:- 1. Ring buoy 2. Rope 3. Throw Bag line to a subject 10m from shore, with appropriate follow up.
NOTE:
(a) At all times the Candidate must demonstrate the ability to make the best use of the inland water conditions.
(b) Part C must be completed on the same day at the same location. Revalidating All revalidating Candidates must provide a copy of their last Inland Open Water Lifeguard Certificate to Course Tutor/Examiner prior to assessment. All WSI revalidating Open Water Lifeguards must produce their CPD Log or undergo whatever training their Tutor deems necessary prior to Revalidation Exam and MCQ All Candidates from other organisations revalidating with WSI must complete the WSI Open Water Lifeguard Manual Worksheets and Revalidation Course prior to Revalidation Exam Candidates much achieve a mark of 70% or higher in the Multiple Choice Question Papers (MCQs)
